College Physics Light and Optics Lab

Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-1 To measure the rotation of the polarisation plane through optically active liquids and determine the concentration of sugar solution.

Salient Features :

• Stand alone setup integrates the sodium lamp, power supply and polarimeter in one unit.
• Inbuilt reading magnifier to read the circular scale.
• Easy to take reading because the scale reading and triple shades are visible simultaneously.

Principle and Working :A polarimeter is an instrument which measures the rotation of the polarisation plane through optically active liquids. It is used to analyse the concentration and contents of substance like sugar solutions. The polarizer produces linear polarised light. This polarised light passes through the half wave plate and then the sample substance. After this it passes through the analyser to the eyepiece. In the eyepiece a triple shadow field can be observed and the angle of rotation is measured with a circular scale and vernier.

Product Details:

Experiment :

• Exp- To find out focal length of a combination of lenses using nodal slide assembly.

Salient Features :

• Multipurpose A-base modular construction.

Experimental set-up has been designed specifically for determination of focal length of a combination of two convergent lenses using Nodal Slide Assembly. The set-up consists of Nodal Slide Assembly, Light source, slit, convex lenses, object screen and base support.
The set up is complete in all respect and requires no other accessories. Practical experience on this set up carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.
This setup helps students to understand the basic property of lens like focal length, focus point, principal point and nodal point centre of curvature etc.

Product Details:

It is used for illustrating wave motion. A flat section anodized steel wire is wound in 75mm dia helix coil.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 To observe multiple beam Interference.
• Exp-2 To measure wavelength separation of Sodium D-lines.

Salient features :

• Including Sodium Lamp with Power Supply
• Smooth Mirror Movement
• Compact Design
• Two Micrometers with Observation Microscope

Key Topics:

• Interference.
• Wave length.
• Coherent sources.
• Febry Perot

Principle and Working:The Fabry-Perot interferometer is a standalone device that can be used to observe multiple-beam interference and measure the wavelength separation of Sodium D-lines. When equipped with other components, this device can be used to conduct other experiments such as to observe the spectral shift of a Mercury isotope or the splitting of spectral lines of atoms in a magnetic field (the Zeeman effect).

Product Details:

Experiments:Michelson Interferometer

• Exp-1 Interference fringes observation.
• Exp-2 Equal thickness interference.
• Exp-3 Determination of wavelength.
• Exp-4 Refractive index of transparent slice.
• Exp-5 Equal inclination interference.
• Exp-6 White light interference.
• Exp-7 Precise comparing of wavelengths.
• Exp-8 Refractive index of air.
• Fabry-Perot Interferometer
• Exp-9 Multiple beam Interference
• Exp-10 Measurement of the wavelength separation of sodium D- lines.
• Exp-11 Measurement of wavelength of He-Ne laser.
• Twyman-Green interferometer
• Exp-12 Demonstration of Twyman-Green interferometer.

Salient Features :

• Includes both He-Ne laser and sodium tungsten lamp.
• Highly stable, Easy operation & Precision optics.
• Innovative design, with t hree modes of operation.

Key Topics:

• Interference.
• Wave length.
• Coherent sources.
• Superposition.
• Refractive index.
• Michelson.
• Fabry-Perot.
• Twyman-Green.

This equipment combines the historically important Michelson interferometer, the high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer and the useful Twyman-Green interferometer.
Measurements are precise in three classical modes of operation. Switching between the three modes of operation and aligning components are very simple, as this complete set of high quality components is carefully mounted on a heavy, stable base.

Product Details:

Salient Feature:

• 4 Direct wavelength reading after scale calibration.

Key Topics:

• 4 Emission & absorption spectrum of any spectrum tube.

Product Details:

Principle and Working:
The working of a spectrometer is based on the principle that when light falls on an optical device such as a prism or diffraction grating each wavelength is refracted or bent by a unique angle. A precise spectrum can be determined by measuring the angles at which light is refracted or bent.

Experiments:

• Exp-1 To determine the refractive index of the material of prism using sodium light.
• Exp-2 To determine the dispersion power of the prism.
• Exp-3 To determine the resolving power of the prism.
• Exp-4 To determine the wavelength of sodium light using a plane diffraction grating.
• Exp-5 To determine the resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
• Exp-6 To verify Cauchy’s equation (Mercury light source required).

Salient Features :

• 4 Two double ended verniers (Four verniers).
• 4 Smooth motion of telescope & vernier scale.
• 4 Spindle & other critical components manufactured on CNC machine.

Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-2 To determine the wavelength of monochromatic light source using Fresnel’s mirror.

Key Topics:

• Interference.
• Virtual coherent source by reflection refractive index.
• Fresnel mirror.
• Wave length.
• Virtual light source.

Salient Features :

• Optical bench is heavy, rigid and stable.
• Fine measurement is also possible while using micrometer saddle.
• Saddle can hold rod from 8mm to 15mm.
• Height can be adjust using levelling screws.
• He-Ne Laser have inbuilt power supply.

Principle and Working:
The Fresnel mirror is operated using grazing light incidence, whereby one mirror is tilted by approx. 1°- 2° with respect to the light beam. After adjusting the light source so that both mirrors are illuminated with equal luminous intensity, the inclination of the two reflected light beams can be adjusted with respect to each other by turning the knurled screw.

Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-1 To determine the wave length of monochromatic light. (using diode laser or He- Ne laser).

Salient Features :

• Precise measurement, mirror control is extremely fine with the
• micrometer of least count of 0.0001mm.
• Heavy base for high stability.
• The mirrors and beam splitter are flat upto λ /8.

Working and Principle:
When a coherent light beam enters into beam splitter, it is dividedinto two parts, thus two beams travel in different directions, are reflected into each other through two mirrors forming interference patterns when they are combined and superimposed. In the present setup, measuring the wavelength of sodium light or He-Ne laser, using an equation: λ=2.DL/n


Where DL is the total displacement whereas n is the number ofintensity maxima counted.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 Observing the rotation of the polarization plane when polarized monochromatic light passes through flint glass under influence of a magnetic field.
• Exp-2 Determining Verdet's constant from the relation between rotation angle and magnetic flux.
• Exp-3 Verification of the relationship between Verdet's constant and wavelength (for SK063 only)

Salient Features :

• Experimental setup with He-Ne laser as well as halogen light source.
• All electrical connections are made using safety sockets.
• Compact electromagent
• Digital Gauss Meter.

Product Details:

Experiments :

• Exp-1 To measure the light intensity of plane polarised light as a function of the analyzer position.
• Exp-2 To study the polarization of light by half wave plate.
• Exp-3 To verify the inverse square law.
• Exp-4 To verify Malus-law.

Salient features :

• Monochromatic light.
• Computer connectivity.
• Precise measurement using light sensor.

Principle and Working :
A wave plate or retarder is an optical device that alters the polarization state of a light beam traveling through it. In the present setup, the diode laser light passes through polarizer to produce linearly polarized light. It then passes through the half wave plate λ/2. The λ/2 plate produces linear polarised light. For different angles of the λ/2 plate with respect to optic axis only the polarisation plane changes. The maximum and minimum are not changed which can be investigated with the analyser.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 To observe the spectrum of any light source : Ray Spectrum, Continuous Spectrum (Sun, Glowing Lamp, Candle), Fluorescent Spectrum.
• Exp-2 Detections, photometric measures

Product Details:

Experiments :

• Exp-1 To Measure the light intensity of plane polarised light as a
• function of the analyzer position.
• Exp-2 To study the polarization of light by quarter wave plate.
• Exp-3 To study the polarization of light by two quarter wave plate.
• Exp-4 To verify the inverse square law.
• Exp-5 To verify Malus-law.

Salient features :

• Halogen light source.
• Computer connectivity.
• Precise measurement using vernier light sensor.

Principle and Working :A wave plate or retarder is an optical device that alters the polarization state of a light beam traveling through it. In the present setup, halogen light source with yellow light filter passes through a polarizer to produce linear polarized light. This polarized light then falls on a quarter wave plate λ/4. The emergent light passes through analyser. It is investigated at different angles of λ/4 plate ( 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) between the optic axis of the wave plate and the direction of the incident light. The light intensity can be investigated with the analyser over the range -90° to +90°. At 0° and 90° of λ/4 with respect to optic axis, the transmitted light is linearly polarized, at 45° it is circularly polarized, and at 30° and 60° it is elliptically polarized.

Product Details:

Experiments :

• Exp-1 To Measure the light intensity of plane polarised light as a function of the analyzer position.
• Exp-4 To verify the inverse square law.
• Exp-5 To verify Malus-law.

Salient features:

• Pin hole photo detector.
• He-Ne laser with in-built power supply.
• Optical bench with central support.
• Transversal saddle for Y-axis motion.

Principle and Working:When a light beam passes through a polarizer filter, it gets linearly polarized. When this linearly polarized light passes through analyzer, its intensity depends on the angular position of the analyzer. The maximum light intensity is transmitted when the optical axis of polarizer and analyzer coincide. The intensity of transmitted beam depends on the angular position between the optical axis of the polarizer and analyzer (q) and is defined by Malus law as I=I 0 cos 2 q where I 0 is the intensity of incident light.
Further the intensity of light depends on the distance between the source and the detector and is defined by the inverse square law.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 Diffraction of light by single slit.
• Exp-2 Diffraction of light by double slit.
• Exp-3 Diffraction of light by multiple slit.
• Exp-4 Diffraction of light by fine wire.
• Exp-5 Diffraction of light by cross wire.
• Exp-6 Diffraction of light by wire mesh.
• Exp-7 Diffraction of light by transmission grating.
• Exp-8 Diffraction of light by coarse grating.
• Exp-9 Diffraction of light by circular aperture (Pinhole).
• Exp-10 Diffraction of light by grid.
• Exp-11 Diffraction of light by grey filter.
• Exp-12 Diffraction of light by tapered single slit.
• Exp-13 Diffraction of light by circular opaque spots.

Salient features :

• Imported diffraction slide set in SK078.
• Set of 13 slides in SK173.
• Class II diode laser.
• Silicon detector.

Principle and Working:
Diffraction phenomenon of light can be observed when a laser beam passes through a diffraction slit. The intensity pattern can be determined using a pin photo detector with fine movement across the diffraction pattern.

In the present setup, the light intensity in the terms of current or voltage is noted at closed intervals by finely traversing the detector movement and observing the light intensity on a digital multimeter. The intensity versus distance curve is plotted on a graph for calculations. The device consists of one meter long optical bench with two transverse saddle for laser and slit mount and one transverse saddle with micrometer for detector. A number of diffraction slits and gratings are provided with this setup.

Product Details:

Learning Objectives/experiments< To determine the wave length of monochromatic light (usingsodium light source).< To determine the wave length of monochromatic light (using


Features1. High quality optics (flatness λ /8)2. Highly stable Interferometer body (weight 7.8 Kg approx)3. 3 Knurled screw for easy mirror adjustment4. Modern & user friendly design (compatible with differentlight sources)5. Gear arrangement provides Least count 0.0001 mm6. 4 Levelling screws for height adjustment7. He-Ne Laser with built-in supply

Product Details:

Features1. Modular approach.2. Heavy stand provides high stability3. Having high quality optics.5. Modern and user friendly design.6. Precision optical instrument.

Learning Objectives/experiments< To measure the thickness of glass slide.< To study the Mach-Zender.< To study two-beam interferences.

Product Details:

Features1. Heavy, rigid and stable Optical bench (made of Alextrusion)2. Fine adjustment of micrometer eye piece usingmicrometer scale.3. Saddle can hold rod from 8 to 15mm.4. Height and level adjustment screws (made of SS)5. Brass self centring slit.0 6. Universal clamp with 0 to 360 rotation.7. 10x eye piece provides better resolution
Technical dataOptical bench : Al exclusion, L = 1.5 mtr. with Scale,Triangular shape with end stop, 4 pointlevelling (steel screw)0 Fresnal’s Biprism : 50 x 40 mm (L x H), angle 179 ,refractive index 1.52Slit : 0 - 2.5mm, opening 6mmLens : FL 100mm, 200mm, dia. 50mmOptics holder : Al, Dia. 130 x 3mm (Ø x T), H 230mm0 Universal holder : 3 point clamp (0 - 90 - 180), 0-360Micrometer : 30-0-30 mm, 1⁄2 least MSDEye piece : 10x zoom, 31 x 23mm (L x Ø)Least count : 0.005 mmSodium source : MS housing, 200 x 85mm (L x Ø),slit ( L x W) 20 x 16mmLamp power : 20W, input 220V ACTransversal slider : 25 - 0 - 25mm, LC 0.01mmScope of delivery4 1 Fresnel biprism4 1 Universal lens holder (Biprism)4 1 Optical bench triangular4 1 Adjustable slit self centering4 1 Sodium light source4 1 Micrometer eyepiece4 1 Convex lens in holder (FL 200mm)4 1 Transverse slider4 1 Fixed slider4 1 Convex lense in holder (FL 100mm)
Learning

Product Details:

Features1. All electrical connections are made using 4mm safety plugs& sockets.2. Compact & portable electromagnet.3. High current DC power supply with safety features like shortcircuit protection, over heat protection etc.4. Saddle can hold rod from 8 to 15mm.5. Heavy, rigid and stable Triangular Optical bench (made of Alextrusion).6. Height and level adjustment screws (made of SS)7. Analyser/Polayser with 0 ± 90° graduation.Technical dataFlint Glass : DEDF glass, size 15 x 15 x 15mmHC Power supply : 0-30V DC, 10A, 31⁄2 Display LED
Power supply : Output : 2,3,4,5,6,8,10 & 12V AC/DC, full-wave rectified, unregulated D.C
Digital Gauss meter : Range 2KG & 20 KG, Resolution 1G &
10G, Sensor In As
Electromagnet coil : 500 Tcoil, 7Amp (Max.), 18SWG, Cu.,Electromagnet Core : Ferromagnetic, 40x40mm cross section,Polarizer : Angle (0 ± 90°), LC 1°, Aperture 21mm,
Frame 130mm, Rod 10mmHalogen lamp : 12V, 35W, horizontal filamentOptical bench : Al exclusion, L=1 mtr., Triangular shapewith end stop, 4 point levelling (SS screw)
Transversal slider : 25 - 0 - 25mm, LC 0.01mmFixed slider : Al Extrusion, Base width 50mm, Height
115mm


Learning Objectives/experiments< Observing the rotation of the polarization plane whenpolarized monochromatic light passes through flint glassunder influence of a magnetic field.< Determining Verdet's constant from the relation betweenrotation angle and magnetic flux.< Verification of the relationship between Verdet's constantand wavelength.SPECIFICATIONS
Scope of delivery4 1 Flint glass with Holder4 1 Electromagnet unit with slider4 2 Polariser / Analyser4 1 Object screen4 1 Optical bench, 1 meter4 4 Fixed slider4 1 Long width slider4 1 Power supply (0-30V DC,10A)4 1 Power supply (2-12V AC/DC)4 1 Digital gauss meter with probe4 1 Hall probe holder4 1 Convex lens (F = 10cm)4 2 Plug lead 100 cm, Black4 1 Plug lead 100 cm, Red4 1 Plug lead 50 cm, Yellow4 1 Halogen lamp4 1 Cylindrical base4 1 Set of filtersKey Topics4 Polarization of light4Birefringent.4Kerr cell4Opto-electro effect

Product Details:

Features1. All electrical connections are made using 4mm safetyplugs & sockets.2. Compact & portable electromagnet.3. High current DC power supply with safety features likeshort circuit protection, over heat protection etc.4. Saddle can hold rod from 8 to 15mm.5. Heavy, rigid and stable Triangular Optical bench (made ofAl extrusion).6. Height and level adjustment screws (made of SS)7. Analyser/Polayser with 0 ± 90° graduation.8. He-Ne laser with built-in power supply.9. Green diode laser with less power consumption.
Technical dataFlint Glass : DEDF glass, size 15x15x15mmHC Power supply : 0-30V DC, 10A, 31⁄2 Display LEDDigital Gauss meter : Range 2KG & 20 KG, Resolution 1G &
10G, Sensor In As
Electromagnet coil : 500 Tcoil, 7Amp (Max.), 18SWG, Cu.,Electromagnet Core : Ferromagnetic, 40x40mm cross section,Optical bench : Al exclusion, L=1 mtr., Triangular shapewith end stop, 4 SS levelling screwTransversal slider : Al, 25 - 0 - 25mm, LC 0.01mmFixed slider : Al, Base width 50mm, Height 115mmLaser : He-Ne Laser (632mm), Power 2 mW,Beam spot 2.5mm, current 4mA ~ 6mA,size 300 x 62 x 82mm
Diode laser : Wavelength 532nm, 5mW, Class II
Learning Objectives/experiments< Observing the rotation of the polarization plane whenpolarized monochromatic light passes through flint glassunder influence of a magnetic field.< Determining Verdet's constant from the relation betweenrotation angle and magnetic flux.SPECIFICATIONS
Scope of delivery4 1 Flint glass with Holder4 1 Electromagnet unit with slider4 2 Polarizer / Analyzer4 1 Object screen4 1 Optical bench, 1 m4 4 Fixed slider4 1 Long width slider (SK058)4 1 Power supply (0-30V DC,10A)4 1 Digital gauss meter with probe4 1 Hall probe holder4 1 Convex lens (F=10cm)4 2 Plug lead 100 cm, Black4 1 Plug lead 100 cm, Red4 1 Plug lead 50 cm, Yellow4 1 He-Ne laser (SK058)4 1 Cylindrical base4 1 Green Diode laser (SK194)4 1 Power Adapter (SK194)
Key Topic4Opto-Magneto effect4Birefringent4Flint Glass4Polarization of light4Verdet’s constant4Electromagnetism.4Plane of polarization

Product Details:

Orientation and Height of Sodium Light source isadjustable.3. Bridge type microscope can be used vertically andhorizontally.
Technical dataType : Bridge type microscopeMain scale : Range 0 -170mm, 1 MSD 0.5mmVernier LC : 0.01mmMagnifier : FL 50mm, dia. 25mmEyepiece : Ramsden 10XObjective : 3XLamp (sodium) : Mild Steel, 200 x 85mm (LxØ), slit Ø
13mm
Lamp power : 20W, input 220V ACReflector ass. : PVC, 105 x 100 x 110mmFuse : 2ARotation : 120 x 80 x 1.2mmLens housing : 80 x 38mm(Øxh)Micrometer slit : Range 0 - 3mm, LC 0.01mmTelescope : Eyepiece 10X, Slide type (Focussing),
10mm dia. Mounting rod
Scope of delivery4 1 Sodium light source4 1 Bridge type microscope4 1 Micrometer slit4 1 Telescope4 1 Measuring tape4 1 Slit holder4 2 Bosshead4 2 Rod4 2 'A' base4 1 Cylindrical base4 2 Slit (1mm, 2mm)
Learning Objectives/experiments< To determine the resolving power of a telescope.
Key Topic4Resolving power.4Monochromatic light.4Critical width.4Traveling microscope.4Consecutive slit.

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Learning Objectives/experiments< To determine Planck’s Constant by Cs Photocell.
Feature1. Multipurpose electrometer amplifier.2. Cs photo cell.3. Multipurpose power supply.4. Monochromatic light source may be used in many otherexperiments also.5. Hexagonal optical bench .Technical dataOptical bench : Al exclusion, L = 1.5 mtr. with Scale,Triangular shape with end stop, 4 pointlevelling (steel screw).
Power supply : 2,3,4,5,6,8,10 & 12VAC full wave rectified,unsmoothed & unregulated D.C, Resettablethermal trip, Input 230 V AC,50 Hz.Mercury light : Starting Voltage 470 Volts, Input Voltage 220Source volts, 50 Hz, Lamp House 250 x 100mm (L xdia.) Aperture dia 25mm, Mercury Lamp125W.
Electrometer : Input Impedance >1013 W,
Input Current <0.5pA, Output Voltage upto +10V, OutputCurrent 5mA, (Short Circuit Protected),Output impedance <1W,
Supply Voltage 12V
AC.
Photocell : Photocell Cs, vacuum tube, Output 4 m msafety socket, Mounting rod 10mm dia.Color Filter set : Red 635nm, Orange 570nm,Yellow 540nm,
Green 500nm, Blue 460nm.

Scope of delivery4 1 Power Supply 12V AC/DC 5Amp4 1 Photocell4 1 Mercury Light Source4 1 Convex lens in holder4 1 Iris Diaphragm4 1 Set of Color Filters4 1 Set of Interference filter (optional)4 1 Electrometer Amplifier4 1 Optical bench triangular4 1 Fixed slider4 1 Accessory set (push switch, capacitor 100pF, red lead 50 &100cm, black lead 50 & 100cm, yellow lead 50 & 100cm,earthing lead, Digital multimeter)4 1 Transversal slider

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Learning Objectives/experiments
< To demonstrate the Lenz’s law and effects of electro-magnetically induced currents.
Scope of delivery41 Ring Launcher (Advance)41 Software CD41 Iron core41 Adjustment collar41 Aluminum Ring41 Plastic Ring41 Coil with lamp41 Core holding ring41 Power cord41 RemoteSPECIFICATIONS
Feature4 Launch height and field strength is adjustable ofconducting loop.4 Activation of the circuit by solenoid insertion and thusprovides over-current protection.4 Necessary instruction and precautions are displayed onthe unit.4 Separate LED indication for Power and Activestatus.4IR Remote for safe launching.
Technical dataSetup : Mains 230 V AC operated, coil turn 768,
Fuse rating 30A initial
Rings : Aluminium (with slot & without slot), PVC,dimension OD 60mm ID 52mm, coil withbulb holder
Remote : IR sensor, range 5-8 feetCore : Dia. 30mm, length 305mmKey Topic4Electromagnetic induction.4Magnetic flux.4Faraday laws.4Lenz’s law.4Eddy current.4Self induction.4Mutual induction.

Product Details:

Features1. DC Regulated power supply with safety sockets and dualtemperature controlled exhaust fan.2. Digital Gauss meter with least count of 0.1 Gauss.3. 3 coils with different diameter.4. 4mm Safety sockets and plugs are used to makeconnection.5. Specially designed hexagonal optical bench with lockingarrangement for precise positioning.
Technical dataCircular Loops : Copper, loop dia. 20mm, 80mm, 120mm wiredia. 3mm, loop holder rod 10mm dia.Digital Gauss : Range 200 G & 2 k G, sensor In As, display 31⁄2Meter digit LED, resolution 0.1G at 0 - 200 G, offsetby potentiometer to set ZERO Input voltage220 V, ± 5 %, 50 Hz AC
Power Supply : 0-30V DC, 0-20A, Input voltage 220V, ±5%,50Hz AC, voltage resolution 0.1V, display 21⁄2digit LED, current resolution 0.1 A, primaryfuse 8 AmpScope of delivery4 1 Optical bench (0.5m)4 1 Set of 3 circular loops with holders4 1 Power supply 0-30 V DC, 20 A4 1 Gauss meter with axial probe4 1 Flexible plug lead (100 cm), red4 1 Flexible plug lead (100 cm), black4 1 Fixed saddle4 1 Transversal Saddle with micrometer4 1 Axial Probe holder
Learning Objectives/experiments< To study the magnetic field of a circular conductor as afunction of the current.< To study the magnetic field of a circular conductor as afunction of distance along the axis of the conductor.< To study the magnetic field as a function of loop radius.

Product Details:

Features1. DC Regulated power supply with safety sockets and dualtemperature controlled exhaust fan.2. Digital Gauss meter with least count of 0.1 Gauss.3. 6 coils with different turns and diameter.4. 4mm Safety sockets and plugs are used to makeconnection.5. Specially designed hexagonal optical bench with lockingarrangement for precise positioning.
Technical dataDigital Gauss : Range 200 G & 2 k G, Sensor InAs,meter Display 31⁄2 Digit LED, Resolution 0.1G at 0 -200 G, Offset By Potentiometer to set ZEROInput Voltage 220 V, ± 5 %, 50 Hz ACInduction Coils : Cu, Dia. 32 & 40, L (mm) 75, 100 & 125,Turns 165, 220, 275, current 2 A
Power supply : 0-20V, 5AScope of delivery41 Power supply DC 0-20V, 5 Amp41 Digital gauss meter with axial probe41 Optical bench41 Coil holder41 Fixed saddle41 Transversal saddle41 Axial probe holder41 Lead 100cm black41 Lead 100cm red41 Coil N = 165, L = 75mm, dia = 32mm41 Coil N = 220, L = 100mm, dia = 32mm41 Coil N = 275, L = 125mm, dia = 32mm41 Coil N = 165, L = 75mm, dia = 40mm41 Coil N = 220, L = 100mm, dia = 40mm41 Coil N = 275, L = 125mm, dia = 40mm
Learning

Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-1 To measure the numerical aperture of single and multi-mode fibers.
• Exp-2 To study the characteristic of 650nm diode laser.
• Exp-3 To study the characteristic of fiber optics photodetector.
• Exp-4 Measurement of splicing losses, bending losses and airgap losses in multi-mode fibers.
• Exp-5 To determine the refractive index of transparent solids.

Salient features:

• Separate transmitter & receiver section.
• Multimode Fiber cable 2m and 2m PMMA.
• Single mode fiber cable 5m
• In line SMA adaptor.
• Modular approach.
• High precision digital micro volt metre.
• Reflective index of transparent solids

In fiber-optic communication, both single and multi-mode optical fibers are used for the transmission of optical signals. Diode laser is used as light source, whether the system transmits digital or analogue signals. Laser fiber coupler is used to couple light from laser to fiber input end efficiently. There are mounts to hold input and output ends of the fiber firmly.

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Experiment:

• Exp- To determine the Speed of Light in air.

Salient Features :

• 1MHz internal modulation frequency.
• Dual photo detector.

Principle and Working :The LASER beam from the Transmitter strikes the Beam Splitter to split the beam in two perpendicular directions. The first beam is transmitted through Transmitter directly and is received in first channel of the receiver. The second perpendicular beam from Beam Splitter travels a larger distance by being reflected back from a mirror placed about 5 meter or more and is received in second channel of the receiver.
In the present setup, the time difference between the two peaks of received LASER signals can be observed on a oscilloscope (>40MHz) and can be used to calculate the Speed of Light.

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Experiments:

• Exp-1 To measure the thickness of glass slide.
• Exp-2 To study the Mach-Zender.
• Exp-3 To study two-beam interferences.

Principle and Working:The Mach-Zender interferometer consists of two semi-reflecting plates (beamsplitters) and wo mirrors. A light beam is divided into two, after which both beams are recombined by eans of a semi- reflecting mirror. One of these beams will be named the Reference beam, while the other will allow us to take measurements on the vacuum index or plate thickness.

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Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-1 To determine the wavelength of monochromatic light source using Fresnel’s biprism.

Salient Features :

• Optical bench is heavy, rigid and stable.
• Fine measurement is also possible while using micrometer saddle.
• Saddle can hold rod from 8mm to 15mm.
• Height can be adjust using levelling screws.

Key Topics:

• Interference.
• Fresnel biprism.
• Coherent sources by refraction.
• Wave length.
• Virtual light source.

Principle and Working:Fresnel's Biprism used to create two Virtual coherent light sources by refraction and reflection respectively and observe interference phenomenon. Monochromatic light in these experiments is produced by sodium light source or he-ne laser. The wavelength (λ) can be determined by the formula

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 The Study of diffraction and interferences
• Exp-2 The Sampling of light images – Complete software, user friendly.
• Exp-3 The Analysis of analogical/digital signals, function of the resolution of the converter
• Exp-4 The Modelling of theorical curves.
• Exp-5 The Time acquisition of the interferograms of the Michelson interferometer
• Exp-6 The Initiation to spectrometry with Fourier transform

Principle and Working:

• The CCD camera is constituted of one optical head directly interfaced with a PC computer through USB port.
• Once adjusted, it is possible to sample and operate luminous pictures with the help of complete & easy-to-use software program.

Product Details:

Experiment:

• Exp-1 To determine the wave length of monochromatic light. using sodium light source.

Key Topics:

• Interference.
• Wave length.
• Coherent sources.
• Superposition.
• Virtual light sources.
• Circular fringes

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Product Details:

Principle and Working :

• If a transparent isotropic material is placed in a strong magnetic field and linearly polarized light is transmitted in the direction of the magnetic field, the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light rotates by an angle.
• In the present setup the optical activity of flint glass is investigated in a magnetic field. The angle of rotation of plane polarized light is proportional to the length (L) and
• magnetic field (B).
• Where, V-Verdet’s constant
• The magnetic field is measured using Gauss meter with axial probe.

Product Details:

Experiments:Exp-1 Observing the rotation of the polarization plane when polarized monochromatic light passes through flint glass under influence of a magnetic field.Exp-2 Determining Verdet's constant from the relation between rotation angle and magnetic flux.Exp-3 Verification of the relationship between Verdet's constant and wavelength (for SK063 only)

Salient Features

• Experimental setup with He-Ne laser as well as halogenlight source.
• All electrical connections are made using safety sockets.
• Compact electromagent.
• Digital Gauss Meter.

Other Models we have

Faraday Effect with Halogen Light SK063
Faraday Effect with He-Ne Laser SK058Faraday Effect with Diode Laser (green) SK194

Product Details:

Learning Objectives/experiments< To find the velocity of an object.< To determine the average speed of an object.< To determine the acceleration of a moving object.< To demonstrate the elastic collision.< To demonstrate the law of conservation of energy.< To demonstrate the transfer of energy.< To plot a graph between velocity and time using picket fence.

Features1. No noise as in Air Track experiment.2. Facilitating the study of mechanics both qualitatively &quantitatively.3. Low friction wheels of trolley.4. Superior quality SS track.5. 4 mm socket on trolley for attaching various accessories &weight.6. Precise and accurate data.7. Data can be collected on PC, tablets or smartphones.

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Features1. Heavy, rigid and stable Optical bench (made of Alextrusion)2. Saddle can hold rod from 8 to 15mm.3. Height and level adjustment screws (made of SS)4. Brass self centring slit.5. He-Ne Laser have built-in power supply.6. Fresnel mirror with fine adjustment for one mirror(0 to 2°)
Technical dataOptical bench : Al extrusion, L = 1.5 mtr. with scale,Triangular shape with end stop, 4 pointlevelling (steel screw)0 Fresnel mirror : Size 45 x 50mm each, angle1-3Lens : FL 200mm, dia. 50mmLaser : He-Ne Laser (632mm), Power 2 mW,Beam spot 2.5mm, current 4mA ~ 6mA,Dimension 300 x 62 x 82mm, Weight 1.5kg (approx.)
Beam expender : Microscope objective, 10xScreen : Acrylic(translucent) 300 x 300 x 3mmCylindrical base : Ferrous metal, 1 KgVernier caliper : 0 - 120mm, LC 0.01mmOptics Holder : Al, Dia. 130 x 3mm (Ø x T), H 230mmTransversal slider : 25 - 0 - 25mm, LC 0.01mmScope of delivery4 1 Optical bench triangular4 1 Convex lens in holder4 1 Transverse slider4 1 Fresnel mirror4 1 Objective holder4 1 Screen4 1 Cylindrical base4 1 Vernier caliper4 1 Measuring tape4 1 He-Ne laser 2mW4 1 Fixed slider4 1 Extension arm4 1 Beam expender4 1 Fixed slider (large width)
Learning Objectives/experiments< To generate two virtual, coherent light sources throughreflection of a point-shaped source at a Fresnel's mirror.< To observe interference of the virtual light sources.< To measure the distance of interference lines.< To measure the distance of projected images.< To determine the wavelength of He-He laser usingFresnel’s mirror.

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Experiments:

• Exp-1 To demonstrate that light spreads when it passes through a narrow aperture.
• Exp-2 To observe the diffraction patterns by holes, single slit and double slit, mesh, grating, grid, opaque spots.
• Exp-3 To demonstrate Young’s fringes.
• Exp-4 To demonstrate Fresnel’s diffraction.
• Exp-5 To measure wavelength of light using a millimeter scale as a grating.
• Exp-6 To demonstrate fringes of equal inclination.

Salient features :

• Imported slits.
• He-Ne laser with in-built power supply.
• Translucent screen to view the diffraction pattern.
• Hexagonal optical bench with locking arrangement.

Principle and Working:Diffraction phenomenon of light cab be observed when a laser beam passes through a slit or grating. The diffraction pattern can be observed on a translucent screen.
In the present setup single slit, double slit, multiple slit, single tapered slit, fine grating, holes, circular opaque spot, gray filter, mesh and coarse grating are used for diffraction experiments with a he-ne laser.

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Learning Objectives/experiments< To determine the relation between centripetal force andangular velocity.< To determine the relation between centripetal force androtating mass.< To determine the relation between centripetal force andradius of the circular movement.

Features1. Easy to read measurement values.2. Sturdy base.3. High precision dynamometer, LC 0.02N4. Multipurpose digital timer with photogate5. Power supply with short circuit protection.6. Freely set various steady rotational velocities

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Learning Objectives/experiments< Verification of Faraday and Lenz's law of induction bymeasuring the induced voltage as function of time.< Measurement of the induced voltage impulse as a function ofthe velocity of the magnet.< Calculation of the magnetic flux induced by the fallingmagnet as a function of the velocity of the magnet.
Scope of delivery4 1 Data Logger4 1 Voltage Sensor4 1 Support Base & 1 Support Rod4 1 Three Fingle Clamp4 3 Bosshead4 1 Coil N = 700, L = 75mm, Dia = 32mm4 1 Coil N = 1150, L = 75mm, Dia = 32mm4 1 Cylindrical Magnet4 1 Tube 300mm4 1 Digital Timer with adapter4 1 Photogate4 1 Software CD4 1 Burette Clamp4 1 Sensor cable (mini USB)SPECIFICATIONSFARADAY’S LAW & INDUCED E.M.F SED1003
Feature1. Data logger with 100k samples per second capacity.2. coils with different turns (700 & 1150) and gauge (30 & 26).3. Free data analyzing software.4. Digital Timer with navigation keys to work in different modes(Time, Velocity, Acceleration, mask and counter)Technical dataDataloger : Up to 100K SPS, memory capacity 800Ksample, Li polymer rechargeable battery, 6in-built sensor, 4 ext. sensor port (60+sensor available), connectivity port microUSB, 90.2 x 90.2 x 20mm(LxWxH), 120gmVoltage Sensor : ± 2.5V (AC/DC), accuracy ± 3%, resolution
1.25mV, input resistance > 1MΩ
Digital Timer : 2 line LCD display, resolution 0.1 ms, ModeTime, Speed & Acceleration, USB interface,5V DC operating voltage.Photogate : Detector Infra red, RJ11 connectorCoils : SWG 30 & 26, L(mm) 75 & 100, turns 700 &1150, R(Ω) 19 & 13.5, L(mH) 13.8 & 8.8,I(A)max 0.3 & 0.7
Magnet : Cylindrical, Size 50x10mm (LxΦ), Alnico

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By means of null method this balance measures tiny forces, it possess adjustable counterweight and an optical lever. To measure the repulsive force between parallel current-carrying conductors a pair of straight aluminium rods are given. Attractive force between charged capacitor plates ,a pair of plates are also included. In the electromagnetic experiment sufficient deflection may be caused by means of a current of 10-20A. For returning the balance to its original position, fractional weights are added to a small pan which is attached to the upper conductor rod, thus force between the conductors are measured. The dynamic definition of the Ampere or to determine the permeability of Air may be confirmed by interpretation of the result. Permittivity of the air may be observed by the analogous electrostatic experiment. An indirect estimate of the speed of light may be made from these two values. The whole experiment requires a diode laser & scale for the optical lever, fractional weight set for the current experiment, multimetyer for volts and amps, a 300V variable high voltage source and an AC or Dc current source for 10-20A. A detailed manual is included.

Experiments :

• Exp-1 To measure the force of attraction between charged capacitor plates by Null Method.
• Exp-2 To calculate the permittivity of Air.
• Exp-3 To measure the force between current carrying conductor and determine the permeability of Air.

Scope of Supply:

Learning Objectives/experiments< Calibration of magnetic field.< Measurement of Susceptibility of paramagnetic sample byusing quinck's tube method.Feature1. Compact Electromagnet arrangement with U-core andyoke produce magnetic field upto 8K Gauss.2. DC Regulated Power Supplies with short circuit protectionand safety Sockets.3. Power Supplies can be used as constant current andconstant voltage source.4. Stackable power supplies and gauss meter5. Digital Gauss meter with 2k & 20k Gauss capacity andresoltion 1 and 10 5auss.6. Digital Weighing scales with maximum capacity of 700gm.7.Travelling Microscope with Least count of 0.01 mm.

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Experiment:

• Exp-1 To observe the rotation of the plane of polarization of monochromatic light by sugar solution for determining the concentration of solution of optically active substance.

Salient Features :

• Polarimeter function can be carried out precisely in an economical unit.
• Sturdy metal housing and modular construction.

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Scope of Supply :

• Complete with housing for sodium vapor lamp, transformer, Base, Mounting rod, Bosshead and Sodium Bulb.

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Features1. Polarimeter function can be carried out precisely in aneconomical unit.2. Sturdy metal housing and modular construction.3. Sodium source can be used in vertical & horizontalpositions4. Modern and user friendly design.5 Least count 1°
Technical dataCircular scale : 0° - 360°Least count : 1°Vernier Reading : 6 min.Dimensions : Dia. 12 mm, length 200mmLamp house : Mild Steel, 200 x 85mm (LxØ), slit Ø 13mmLamp power : 20W, input 220V ACGlass rod : 300 x 6mm (Lx Ø)Pipette : 50ml with 1 markFunnel : 50mmBeaker : 250mlDimension : 440 x 120 x 305mm(Lx W x H)Weight : 3.5Kg (approx)Scope of delivery4 1 Polarimeter Laurent’s half shade4 1 Polarimeter tube (200mm)4 1 Sodium light source4 1 Beaker4 1 Funnel4 1 Pipette4 1 Glass rod
Learning Objectives/experiments< To study the principle of operation of a Half-shapepolarimeter.< To measure the angle of rotation of sugar solution as afunction of sugar concentration.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 To determine the wavelength of sodium light.
• Exp-2 To determine the refractive index of a liquid by using newton’s rings apparatus.
• Exp-3 To find the radius of curvature of planoconvex lens using newton’s rings experiment, given λ=5893A O.
• Exp-4 To find the thickness of a thin sheet of paper (air wedge experiment).

Salient Features:

• Modular approach, components can be used in other experiments.
• Economy model.

Principle and Working:
The light from monochromatic source is made to fall on an optically plane glass plate inclined at an angle of 45° to the vertical, where it gets reflected on to the plano-convex lens. The wavelength of monochromatic light source is determined from the radii of the interference rings.

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Experiments:

• Exp-1 Calculate the numerical aperture and study the losses that occur in optical fiber cable.
• Exp-2 To study losses at FIBER junctions.
• Exp-3 To measure losses in dB of two optical FIBER patchcords and the coefficient of attenuation.
• Exp-4 To study the relationship between the LED forward current and the LED optical power output.
• Exp-5 To study the relationship between the optical input power, and the resultant photo current.
• Exp-6 To study the AC characteristics of a linear intensity modulation system.
• Exp-7 To study external circuitry to transmit an audio signal through an optical FIBER using the analogue transmitter and receiver.

Salient features:

• In-built function generator.
• Separate transmitter & receiver section.
• Microphone input section.
• Audio amplifier output section.
• Fiber cable 1m and 5m PMMA.
• In line SMA adaptor.

In order to understand the fundamental of optical fibers and analogue optical fiber communication, this kit has been designed. Wiring diagram for Fiber Optic Analogue Transmitter, Fiber Optic Analogue Receiver, Fiber Optic LED Driver and Optical Power Meter has been shown on the panel of kit.

In the present setup, eight experiment can be performed by using this trainer. The user can design a number of other interesting experiments and small projects based on the kit. Provided with detailed instruction manual.

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Experiments:

• Exp-1 Determination the wavelength of He-Ne laser using diffraction grating.
• Exp-2 Determination the particle size of lycopodium powder.

Salient features :

• Imported slits.
• He-Ne laser with in-built power supply.
• Translucent screen to view the diffraction pattern.

Shine an expended He-Ne laser beam through a plate dusted with lycopodium powder to construct circular rings on the screen which are nearly spherical and have a very uniform average diameter. The quality of the ring depends on the evenness of dusting.

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Experiment :

• Exp-1 To demonstrate the kerr effect in nitrobenzene solution (only observation).
• Exp-2 To measure the light intensity as a function of voltage across the kerr cell using photo detector.

Salient Features :

• All electrical connections are made using safety sockets.
• Easy to setup experiment.
• Can be performed by diode laser and halogen lamp.

Principle and Working :
Certain materials under the influence of strong electric field become doubly refractive. The effect known as Kerr effect can be observed in this experiment with nitrobenzene solution.

In the present setup, a small glass container mounted with plate capacitor is filled with liquid. The container is kept between two filters placed at 90°. There will be dark field of view on screen initially but after applying electric field, the field of view brightens, because the light beam becomes elliptically polarised when passed through the birefringent liquid.

Product Details:

Experiments:

• Exp-1 To study 3D chemical kinetics.
• Exp-2 To study coloured filter spectrum.
• Exp-3 To study line spectrum.
• Exp-4 To study Beer Lambert’s law.
• Exp-5 To study solar spectrum.
• Exp-6 To study Wien’s law.
• Exp-7 To study reflection spectrum analysis.
• Exp-8 To study sodium absorption peak.
• Exp-9 To study colour temperature.
• Exp-10 To study device calibration and uncertainty.

Key Topics:

• 3D chemical kinetics study
• Coloured filter spectrum study
• Line spectrum study
• Beer Lambert’s law
• Solar spectrum
• Wien’s law
• Reflection spectrum analysis
• Sodium absorption peak
• Colour temperature
• Device calibration and uncertainty

Optical fibres allow great freedom of movement. Used fordemonstrations during classes, they will let you move from source to source easily. The simple, intuitive software, with its multi-station system, allows measurement and superimposition of curves. It is ideal for showing the gases making up different bulbs, such as mercury in energy saving light bulbs. Combined with a video projector, the SPID spectrometer will prove indispensable in your classes. Three display modes, simple, coloured and spectroscope mode, are available.