School Physics Light & Optics Lab

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 To determine the Refractive index of the material of Prism using Sodium Light.
• Exp-2 To determine the Dispersion power of a prism.
• Exp-3 To determine the resolving power of the prism.
• Exp-4 To determine the wavelength of Sodium Light using a plane diffraction Grating.
• Exp-5 To determine the Resolving Power of a plane diffraction grating.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part-2,Chapter-9, Ray optics & optical instruments.

The theory of the prism spectrometer indicates that a spectrum of maximum definition is obtained when the angular deviation of a light ray passing through the prism is a minimum.

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 To demonstrate Young’s fringes.
• Exp-2 To demonstrate diffraction pattern by pinhole, single slit, double slit & grating.
• Exp-3 To demonstrate Fresnel’s diffraction.
• Exp-4 To determine the slit or pinhole width.
• Exp-5 Light spreads when passed through a narrow aperture.
• Exp-6 To measure wavelength using a millimeter scale as a grating.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part - 2 ,Chapter-10, Wave optics.

The kit has been designed to perform a lot of experiment related to the light experiments to find out the wavelength of the light, width of the narrow slit or any type of pattern.

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Optical Bench ‘U’ Shape SL668 :

Optical Bench having a ‘U’ channel with scale printed. It has three feet of which two are adjustable and one is fixed. It is provided with four sliding saddles having pointer. The saddle accepts holders with 10mm dia rod. It is supplied complete with two Lens Holders, Light Source, Slit, White Screen, Translucent Screen (15 x 15 cm). Power Supply for Light source is not included in the scope of supply.

Adjustable Slit SW751 :

• Rectangular plastic frame . With provision to hold Metallic slit plate and movable lever. Slit width 2mm. Height 15mm. Suitable to use with optical bench SL668.

White Screen SW753 :

• Size: 15cm X 15cm. Suitable to use with optical bench SL668.

Lens Holder SW754 :

• Rectangular plastic frame lens holder. With provision to hold filters also. Lens of Dia 40mm can be held through round spring rings. Suitable to use with optical bench SL668. Focal length 10cm.

Diaphragm – Arrow Slit/single Slit SO023 :

• The set consists of a single slit diaphragm and Arrow head diaphragm.
• Length of Arrow : 1.5 cm
• Length of Single slit : 1.5 cm
• Dimensions : 5 x 5 cm (approx.)

Filter For Colour Mixing SO022

• For experiment on colour mixing.
• Dimensions : 5 x 5 cm (approx.)

Light Source Halogen ('U' Base) SL674:

• It is a high intensity halogen light source (12V, 50W). A condenser and a draw adjustment make it possible to obtain an adjustable convergent beam. Proper ventilation through side frame windows. Suitable to use with 'U' shaped optical bench SL668 Input: 12V DC through 4mm safety sockets.

Lenses :

• Double convex lens dia 40mm, F.L. 100mm. 1pc. SN931
• Double convex lens dia 38mm, F.L. 100mm. 2pcs. SL042
• Double convex lens dia 40mm, F.L. 200mm. 1pc. SW556
• Double concave lens dia 38mm, F.L. 50mm. 1pc. SL050
• Double concave lens dia 38mm, F.L. 150mm. 1pc. SL053

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 To study law of reflection.
• Exp-2 To study reflection by spherical mirrors.
• Exp-3 To study refraction.
• Exp-4 Total internal reflection.
• Exp-5 Refraction through lens.
• Exp-6 Refraction through prism.
• Exp-7 Colour mixing of different colours.
• SCIENCE, Class X, Chapter-10, Light -reflection & refraction.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part-2,Chapter-9, Ray optics & optical instruments.

The Light box kit is specially designed for demonstrating basic concepts of reflection, refraction & colour mixing of different colours using various optical components. The kit can be used by an individual student or it can be used for demonstration to a small group of students.

Teacher Version - SN639A
Ray optics kit provided with above scope of supply with magnetic board and magnetic component for vertical demonstration of experiment by teacher.

Student Version - SN640A
Ray optics kit provided with above scope of supply without magnetic board and magnetic component for individual student experimentation.

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Optical Bench Wooden With Lamp House SL701

It is made of smooth (fine polished) wooden base board with a wooden scale fixed on it. All accessories are mounted on a rod and can be accommodated in holders. It is supplied complete with Pygmy Lamp in housing, Stands(6 Nos.), Lens holder clip type ), Receiving screen, Object needle, Plane mirror and White metal object screen.

White Metal Object Screen SW665

• Round shaped Diameter 75 mm with gauze.

Wooden Base Board SW613

• Size: 1.6 meter x 14 cm. Having wide scale of 1500 x 10mm.

Plane Mirror SL666

• Rear silvered mirror mounted in metal frame.

Receiving Screen Sl665

• A White painted metallic frame 100 x 75mm with a graph paper.

Object Needle Mounted SL224 :

• A steel needle pointed at one end. Mounted on a rod.

Pygmy Lamp Sl702

• A white BC type bulb housed in conical housing. It is fitted with a special grommet so that the wire is held securely and is properly earthed.

Stand Plastic Sl703 :

• A plastic base of size 100 x 50mm and a pillar with clamping screw attached on it. An index line at one end has been provided for calculating center of base. It can accommodate any accessory mounted on a 10mm rod.

Lens Holder Simple SW841 :

• Lens holder with a plastic frame and metallic handle for accommodating lenses of 50mm diameter and clear aperture 45mm. A retaining ring is provided for holding the lenses.

Lens In Holder :

• All the following lenses are fitted in the lens holder SW841.
• Double convex lens dia 50mm, F.L. 100mm SL714
• Double convex lens dia 50mm, F.L. 50mm SL712
• Double convex lens dia 50mm, F.L. 150mm SL715
• Double concave lens dia 50mm, F.L. 50mm SL722
• Double concave lens dia 50mm, F.L. 150mm SL725

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 To measure voltage and current across each LED.
• Exp-2 To demonstrate diffraction of different wavelengths.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part - 2, Chapter - 10,Wave optics.
• Chapter 11,Dual nature of radiation &matter.
• Chapter 14,Semiconductor electronics.

LED array is seven color LEDs & a white LED, used to demonstrate diffraction at different wavelength. Measure current & voltage across each LED. LED array has a selector switch for all LED’s or individual LED mode.

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 Recording the current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell as a function of the irradiance.
• Exp-2 Recording the current-load characteristics of a solar cell as a function of the irradiance
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part - 2, Chapter - 14,material device & simple circuits.

V-I characteristic of a solar cell can be obtained using this apparatus. The ratio of maximum useful power and ideal power can also be calculated. The maximum useful power is the area of largest rectangle that can be formed under the V-I curve. If the voltage and current corresponding to this largest area are denoted by Vm & Im, then the maximum useful power is Vm x Im. The ratio of useful power to the ideal power is called the fill factor. It consists of solar module, decade resistance box module, lamp source, switch and circuit board.

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Learning Objectives/experiments< Diffraction of X-Ray:Bragg's Law.Laue's Method.Debye Scherrer's Method.
To determine Planck's constant by using Duane-Hunt's displacement law.
< Mosley's Law.< Distance Law.< Absorption Experiment.< Dosimetry and Radiation Protection.< Properties of X-rays:Transmission.Linear Propagation.Ionization.X- Ray Photography.< Fluorescent radiation.< Shielding of X-Rays.
Scope of delivery4 1 X-Ray Apparatus4 1 X-Ray Energy Detector4 1 Geiger-Müller Tube4 1 Bragg Driver4 1 Filmpack 24 1 Filmpack 44 1 Basic Equipment Set4 1 Radiography Accessories4 1 Crystallographic4 1 Motor Drive Debye-Scherrer (Optional)4 1 Ionization Chamber (Optional)4 1 Set of Fluorescence Sample (Optional)Feature1. Radiation Proof Housing with Clear Synthetic Glass shieldto read the scale.2. If the synthetic-glass shield is opened, he high-voltagesource for the X-ray tube is deactivated automatically.2. Bulit-in Data Logger and High voltage power supply.3. Compact Design,4. Stand Alone unit.5. Free Data Analyzing software.
Technical dataX-Ray Apparatus4Anode voltage: 20/30 kV,4Emission current: 0 to 80 μA,4Cathode heating: 4 V, 1 A4Focal spot: 5x1 mm24Anode material: Cu Lead-glass4collimator: radiation emission aperture with 5-mm dia.4Ray divergence: better than 10°4Characteristic radiation wavelength: Cu -Kα: 154 pm, Cu -Kβ:138 pm4Counter-tube goniometer: Swiveling ranges: 0°, +10° to+130° and -10° to +130° relative to the ray axis Angularcoupling: independent of the sample holder or with a ratio of2:14Accuracy of Bragg’s angle: 5 arc minutes4Timer: 0 to 55 minutes,4Power consumption: 100 VA4Dimensions:8X-Ray apparatus: approx. 250 mm x 370 mm dia.8X-Ray tube: approx. 100 mm x 32 mm dia.8Weight: approx. 9 kgX-Ray Energy Detector4Energy range: approx. 2 keV up to 60 keV4Energy resolution (FWHM): 0.55 keV at EFeKá = 6.40 keV4Entrance window: Plastics4(absorption equivalent to Graphite with d = 40 μm)4Detector: Si-PIN photo diode4Active Area: 0.8 mm dia.4Thickness: approx. 200 μm4Dead time per pulse: approx. 200 μs4Connection: USB4Cable length: 1.75 m4Dimensions: 80 mm x 22 mm dia.4Mass: 150 gGeiger-Müller Tube4 for registering alpha-, beta-, gamma- and X- radiation4Dose-rate range: 10-3 to 102 mGy/h4Mass of the active surface:4Mica: 2.0 to 3.0 mg/cm24Operating voltage: 500 V4Dimensions: 50 mm x 50 mm x 22 mm Ø4Cable length: 1 mBragg Driver4Time interval for automatic data saving : 30 s4Angular range : 12° – 120°4Time per step : ≥ 0.1 s4Angular step : ≥ 0.05°4GM tube voltage : 0 – 1000 VFilmpack 24Highly sensitive film (38 mm x 35 mm) for beta-, gamma- andX-radiation420 film sheets (38 mm x 35 mm) in light-tight plastic cases41 bottle of X-ray developer41 bottle of X-ray fixer41 syringe with a cannula for introducing chemicals into the filmcases41 metal clip

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 Working of Human Eye (Normal eyes, near sighted eyes, far sighted eye).
• Exp-2 Principle of photographic camera.
• Exp-3 Principle of Galileo telescope & periscope.
• Exp-4 Principle of Kepler telescope.
• Exp-5 Principle of Spherical aberration.
• SCIENCE, Class VIII, Chapter-10, Refraction of light.
• SCIENCE, Class X, Chapter-11, The human eye.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part-2,Chapter-9, Ray optics & optical instruments.

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Experiments :

• Exp- To Measure optical rotation of optically active substances e.g. Sugar.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part - 2, Chapter - 10, Wave optics.

It is a kind of instrument for measuring the optical rotation of optically active substances e.g. Sugar. The unit is mounted in a steel box. A 6V bulb present in the base works as a source of light. Light passes through a polarising filter and again through yellow filter to the sample tube. Rotation of the polarised light can be measured by rotatable analyser which is mounted in the top panel with a fixed 0-360° scale. The sample tube may be taken out for sample keeping purpose. Suppled with polarisers, yellow filter and sample tube.

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Experiments :

• Exp-1 To find out the focal length of convex & concave lens.
• Exp-2 To find out the focal length of concave & convex mirror.
• Exp-3 Image formation by plane mirror.
• Exp-4 Real & virtual images formed by lens & mirror.
• Exp-5 Lens Magnification.
• SCIENCE, Class Vlll, Chapter - 10,Refraction of light.
• SCIENCE, Class X, Chapter - 10, Reflection & refraction.
• PHYSICS, Class XII, Part - 2, Chapter - 9, Ray optics & optical instruments.

Special Features :

• Easy set up.
• Multiple letters & symbols to demonstrate optics of symmetric and asymmetric objects.
• Transluscent screen to view image from both sides.
• Multipurpose cylindrical base.

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